Niagara Movement is launched in Canada.

Founded by W.E.B. Du Bois, Bostonians Clement Morgan, William Monroe Trotter and others, it begins at a convention attended by 29 delegates from various states at the Erie Beach Hotel in Ontario. The meeting takes place in Canada because no restaurant in Buffalo will serve attendees. The goal of the gathering is to promote a more aggressive fight for civil rights, and the organization subsequently issues a Declaration of Principles, written by Trotter and edited by Du Bois, that, according to Kerri Greendige, “claimed political independence and equal suffrage as the basis for civil rights.” The organization meets in in Boston in 1907,* but suffers financial and membership problems by the time it meets in Cleveland in 1908.